Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws GaP thiab GaAsP homojunction liab, daj, thiab ntsuab tsawg luminous efficiency LEDs nyob rau hauv 1970s tau siv rau qhov taw qhia teeb, digital thiab ntawv nyeem. Txij thaum ntawd los, LED pib nkag mus rau ntau daim ntawv thov, suav nrog aerospace, aircraft, tsheb, kev siv hauv kev lag luam, kev sib txuas lus, cov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam, suav nrog ntau yam kev lag luam hauv tebchaws thiab ntau txhiab tsev neeg. Los ntawm 1996, LED muag thoob ntiaj teb tau mus txog ntau lab nyiaj daus las. Txawm hais tias LEDs tau raug txwv los ntawm cov xim thiab luminous efficiency tau ntau xyoo, GaP thiab GaAsLEDs tau txais kev nyiam los ntawm cov neeg siv vim lawv lub neej ntev, kev ntseeg siab, tsis tshua muaj kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no, compatibility nrog TTL thiab CMOS digital circuits, thiab ntau lwm yam zoo.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum dhau los, siab brightness thiab tag nrho-xim tau txiav-edge cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm LED cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej technology. Ultra siab brightness (UHB) yog hais txog LED nrog ib tug luminous siv ntawm 100mcd los yog ntau tshaj, kuj hu ua Candela (cd) theem LED. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ci ntsa iab A1GaInP thiab InGaNFED yog qhov nrawm heev, thiab tam sim no tau mus txog qib kev ua tau zoo uas cov khoom siv sib xyaw GaA1As, GaAsP, thiab GaP tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Xyoo 1991, Toshiba ntawm Nyiv thiab HP ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim InGaA1P620nm txiv kab ntxwv ultra-siab brightness LED, thiab hauv 1992, InGaA1P590nm daj ultra-siab brightness LED tau muab tso rau hauv kev siv. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Toshiba tsim InGaA1P573nm daj ntsuab ultra-siab brightness LED nrog ib txwm lub teeb siv ntawm 2cd. Xyoo 1994, Nyiv Nichia Corporation tau tsim InGaN450nm xiav (ntsuab) ultra-high brightness LED. Nyob rau ntawm lub sijhawm no, peb lub ntsiab xim xav tau rau cov xim xim, liab, ntsuab, xiav, nrog rau cov txiv kab ntxwv thiab daj LEDs, tau tag nrho mus txog Candela qib luminous siv, ua tiav ultra-siab brightness thiab puv xim, ua rau sab nraum zoov puv- xim tso saib ntawm lub teeb-emitting raj qhov tseeb. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm LED nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws pib nyob rau hauv 1970s, thiab kev lag luam tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1980s. Muaj ntau tshaj li 100 lub lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, nrog rau 95% ntawm cov tuam txhab koom nrog hauv kev ntim khoom tom qab, thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov chips uas yuav tsum tau tuaj ntawm txawv teb chaws. Los ntawm ob peb "Tsib Xyoo Kev Npaj" rau kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis, kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis, kev qhia txog cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws siab heev thiab qee cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb, Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob LED tau ua ib kauj ruam tom ntej.

1, Kev ua tau zoo ntawm ultra-high brightness LED:
Piv nrog GaAsP GaPLED, ultra-high brightness liab A1GaAsLED muaj ntau dua luminous efficiency, thiab lub luminous efficiency ntawm pob tshab tsis sib xws (TS) A1GaAsLED (640nm) yog ze rau 10lm / w, uas yog 10 npaug ntau dua li cov liab GaAsP GaPLED. Lub ultra-high brightness InGaAlPLED muab cov xim tib yam li GaAsP GaPLED, suav nrog: ntsuab daj (560nm), lub teeb ntsuab daj (570nm), daj (585nm), lub teeb daj (590nm), txiv kab ntxwv (605nm), thiab lub teeb liab (625nm). , sib sib zog nqus liab (640nm)). Muab piv cov luminous efficiency ntawm pob tshab substrate A1GaInPLED nrog rau lwm cov qauv LED thiab incandescent teeb qhov chaw, lub luminous efficiency ntawm InGaAlPLED absorbing substrate (AS) yog 101m / w, thiab lub luminous efficiency ntawm pob tshab substrate (TS) yog 201m / w, uas yog 10. -20 npaug siab dua li ntawm GaAsP GaPLED nyob rau hauv lub wavelength ntau ntawm 590-626nm; Nyob rau hauv lub wavelength ntau ntawm 560-570, nws yog 2-4 zaug siab dua GaAsP GaPLED. Lub ultra-siab brightness InGaNFED muab xiav thiab ntsuab lub teeb, nrog ib tug wavelength ntawm 450-480nm rau xiav, 500nm rau xiav-ntsuab, thiab 520nm rau ntsuab; Nws luminous efficiency yog 3-151m / w. Tam sim no luminous efficiency ntawm ultra-high brightness LEDs tau tshaj li ntawm cov teeb incandescent nrog cov ntxaij lim dej, thiab tuaj yeem hloov cov teeb incandescent nrog lub zog tsawg dua 1 watt. Tsis tas li ntawd, LED arrays tuaj yeem hloov cov teeb pom kev zoo nrog lub zog tsawg dua 150 watts. Rau ntau daim ntawv thov, cov qij taws siv cov ntxaij lim dej kom tau cov xim liab, txiv kab ntxwv, ntsuab, thiab xiav, thaum siv ultra-high brightness LEDs tuaj yeem ua tiav tib xim. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ultra-high brightness LEDs ua los ntawm AlGaInP thiab InGaN cov ntaub ntawv tau ua ke ntau yam (liab, xiav, ntsuab) ultra-high brightness LED chips ua ke, tso cai rau ntau yam xim yam tsis tas yuav lim lim. Xws li cov xim liab, txiv kab ntxwv, daj, ntsuab, thiab xiav, lawv cov luminous efficiency tau dhau ntawm cov teeb ci ntsa iab thiab ze rau ntawm lub teeb fluorescent. Lub luminous brightness tau tshaj 1000mcd, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm sab nraum zoov txhua qhov huab cua thiab cov xim puv xim. LED xim loj npo tuaj yeem sawv cev rau lub ntuj thiab dej hiav txwv, thiab ua tiav 3D animation. Lub cim tshiab ntawm liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav ultra-high brightness LEDs tau ua tiav qhov tsis tau pom dua

2, Daim ntawv thov ntawm ultra-high brightness LED:
Tsheb teeb liab qhia: Lub tsheb taw qhia lub teeb nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub tsheb yog cov teeb pom kev zoo, lub teeb taillights, thiab nres teeb; Sab hauv ntawm lub tsheb feem ntau ua haujlwm ua teeb pom kev zoo thiab tso saib rau ntau yam twj paj nruag. Ultra siab brightness LED muaj ntau yam zoo piv rau cov tsoos incandescent teeb rau automotive qhov taw qhia teeb, thiab muaj kev lag luam dav hauv kev lag luam tsheb. LEDs tuaj yeem tiv taus kev sib tsoo thiab kev vibrations. Lub neej ua haujlwm nruab nrab MTBF ntawm LED nres teeb yog ob peb qhov kev txiav txim siab siab dua li ntawm qhov muag teeb, deb tshaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, LED nres teeb tuaj yeem ntim tag nrho yam tsis xav txog kev saib xyuas. Transparent substrate Al GaAs thiab AlInGaPLED muaj ntau dua luminous efficiency piv rau incandescent qhov muag teev nrog cov ntxaij lim dej, tso cai rau LED nres teeb thiab tig teeb liab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qis tsav tam sim no, feem ntau tsuas yog 1/4 ntawm incandescent qhov muag teev, yog li txo qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub tsheb mus. Lub zog hluav taws xob qis kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov ntim thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb cov kab hluav taws xob sab hauv, thaum tseem txo qis qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov teeb liab sib xyaw ua ke, tso cai rau kev siv cov yas uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam rau lo ntsiab muag thiab vaj tse. Lub sij hawm teb ntawm LED nres teeb yog 100ns, uas yog luv dua li ntawm lub teeb incandescent, tawm ntau lub sij hawm rau cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tsav tsheb. Lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab xim ntawm lub teeb pom kev sab nraud ntawm lub tsheb tau txhais kom meej. Txawm hais tias lub teeb pom kev sab hauv ntawm lub tsheb tsis yog tswj hwm los ntawm tsoomfwv cov chaw haujlwm xws li cov teeb liab sab nraud, cov tuam txhab tsheb muaj cov cai rau cov xim thiab teeb pom kev zoo ntawm LEDs. GaPLED tau ntev tau siv nyob rau hauv tsheb, thiab ultra-high brightness AlGaInP thiab InGaNFED yuav hloov ntau incandescent qhov muag teev nyob rau hauv lub tsheb vim lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm manufacturers nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov xim thiab illumination. Los ntawm tus nqi saib, txawm hais tias LED teeb tseem tseem kim dua piv rau cov teeb pom kev zoo, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi ntawm ob lub tshuab tag nrho. Nrog rau kev tsim kho ntawm ultra-high brightness TSAlGaAs thiab AlGaInP LEDs, cov nqi tau qis zuj zus nyob rau xyoo tas los no, thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov txo qis yuav ntau dua yav tom ntej.

Kev taw qhia tsheb khiav: Siv ultra-high brightness LEDs es tsis txhob ntawm cov teeb incandescent rau cov teeb liab teeb liab, teeb ceeb toom, thiab teeb pom kev zoo tam sim no tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb, nrog kev lag luam dav thiab kev xav tau sai. Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm US Department of Transportation xyoo 1994, muaj 260000 kev sib tshuam hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas qhov chaw teeb pom kev tsheb tau teeb tsa, thiab txhua qhov kev sib tshuam yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 12 liab, daj, thiab xiav-ntsuab teeb liab. Ntau qhov kev sib tshuam kuj tseem muaj cov cim kev hloov pauv ntxiv thiab cov neeg taug kev hla kev ceeb toom teeb rau kev hla kev. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, muaj peev xwm muaj 20 lub teeb tsheb ntawm txhua qhov kev sib tshuam, thiab lawv yuav tsum teeb tsa tib lub sijhawm. Nws tuaj yeem suav tau tias muaj kwv yees li 135 lab lub teeb tsheb hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Tam sim no, siv ultra-high brightness LEDs los hloov cov tsoos incandescent teeb tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev txo qis zog. Nyiv siv li ntawm 1 lab kilowatts ntawm hluav taws xob ib xyoos twg ntawm lub teeb tsheb, thiab tom qab hloov qhov muag teev nrog ultra-high brightness LEDs, nws cov hluav taws xob siv tsuas yog 12% ntawm qhov qub.
Cov tub ceev xwm muaj peev xwm ntawm txhua lub teb chaws yuav tsum tsim kom muaj cov kev cai sib xws rau cov teeb liab teeb liab, qhia cov xim ntawm lub teeb liab, qhov teeb pom kev tsawg kawg nkaus, spatial faib qauv ntawm cov nqaj, thiab cov kev cai rau kev teeb tsa ib puag ncig. Txawm hais tias cov kev cai no yog raws li cov teeb pom kev zoo, lawv feem ntau siv tau rau tam sim no siv ultra-high brightness LED tsheb teeb liab teeb. Piv nrog rau cov teeb pom kev zoo, LED tsheb teeb muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua, feem ntau txog li 10 xyoo. Xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov hnyav sab nraum zoov, qhov kev cia siab yuav tsum tau txo qis rau 5-6 xyoo. Tam sim no, ultra-high brightness AlGaInP liab, txiv kab ntxwv, thiab daj LEDs tau industrialized thiab kuj pheej yig. Yog hais tias cov modules muaj li ntawm liab ultra-siab brightness LEDs yog siv los hloov cov tsoos liab incandescent tsheb teeb liab lub taub hau, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev nyab xeeb tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub teeb liab incandescent tuaj yeem txo qis. Ib tug raug LED teeb liab teeb liab module muaj ob peb pawg ntawm kev cob cog rua LED teeb. Noj 12 nti liab LED teeb liab teeb liab module ua piv txwv, hauv 3-9 teeb ntawm kev sib txuas LED teeb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov teeb pom kev sib txuas hauv txhua lub teeb yog 70-75 (tag nrho ntawm 210-675 LED teeb). Thaum ib lub teeb ci LED tsis ua haujlwm, nws tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau ib pawg ntawm cov teeb liab, thiab cov teeb tsa ntxiv yuav raug txo mus rau 2/3 (67%) lossis 8/9 (89%) ntawm qhov qub, tsis ua rau tag nrho cov teeb liab lub taub hau poob. zoo li lub teeb incandescent.
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb nrog LED teeb liab teeb liab modules yog tias cov nqi tsim khoom tseem pheej yig heev. Noj 12 nti TS AlGaAs liab LED tsheb teeb liab module ua piv txwv, nws tau xub thov hauv xyoo 1994 ntawm tus nqi ntawm $ 350. Los ntawm 1996, 12 nti AlGaInP LED tsheb teeb liab module nrog kev ua tau zoo dua muaj tus nqi ntawm $ 200.

Nws cia siab tias yav tom ntej, tus nqi ntawm InGaN xiav-ntsuab LED tsheb teeb liab modules yuav piv rau AlGaInP. Txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm incandescent tsheb teeb lub taub hau yog tsawg, lawv siv hluav taws xob ntau. Lub zog noj ntawm 12 nti txoj kab uas hla incandescent tsheb teeb lub taub hau yog 150W, thiab lub zog noj ntawm lub teeb ceeb toom tsheb hla txoj kev thiab kev taug kev yog 67W. Raws li kev suav, kev siv hluav taws xob txhua xyoo ntawm cov teeb liab teeb liab ntawm txhua qhov kev sib tshuam yog 18133KWh, sib npaug rau daim nqi hluav taws xob txhua xyoo ntawm $ 1450; Txawm li cas los xij, LED tsheb teeb liab modules muaj zog heev, nrog rau txhua 8-12 nti liab LED tsheb teeb liab module siv 15W thiab 20W hluav taws xob feem. Cov cim qhia ntawm LED ntawm kev sib tshuam tuaj yeem pom nrog cov xub hloov pauv, nrog lub zog siv tsuas yog 9W. Raws li kev suav, txhua qhov kev sib tshuam tuaj yeem txuag tau 9916KWh ntawm hluav taws xob hauv ib xyoos, sib npaug li txuag $ 793 hauv cov nqi hluav taws xob ib xyoos. Raws li tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm $ 200 rau ib lub teeb liab LED teeb liab module, lub teeb liab LED tsheb teeb liab module tuaj yeem rov qab tau nws cov nqi pib tom qab 3 xyoos siv hluav taws xob nkaus xwb, thiab pib tau txais nyiaj txiag tsis tu ncua. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no siv AlGaInLED cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm tsheb khiav tsheb, txawm tias tus nqi yuav zoo li siab, tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev.